Title |
Behavioral problem trajectories and self-esteem changes in relation with adolescent depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study
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Published in |
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, April 2018
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DOI | 10.1007/s00127-018-1508-z |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Cherry Y. Leung, Gabriel M. Leung, C. Mary Schooling |
Abstract |
Prospectively childhood behavioral problems and low self-esteem are associated with depression. However, these mental health changes over time have never been examined. This study assessed the association of childhood behavioral trajectories and self-esteem changes over time with adolescent depressive symptoms. Parent-reported Rutter behavioral assessments and self-reported Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventories (SEI) were obtained via record linkage from the Student Health Service, Department of Health (Hong Kong), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depressive symptom scores were obtained via active follow-up of the Hong Kong's Children of 1997" Chinese birth cohort. Partitional clustering was used to generate homogenous trajectories between ~ 7 and ~ 11 years for Rutter scores. Changes in low self-esteem between ~ 10 and ~ 12 years were obtained from the SEI. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate their associations with depressive symptom scores at ~ 13 years. Four trajectories/groups (stable low, declining, rising, and stable high) of Rutter score and self-esteem groups were created. The stable low behavioral trajectory was associated with the fewest depressive symptoms while the stable high trajectory had 1.23 more depressive symptoms [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 to 1.61] than the stable low trajectory. Consistently low self-esteem (stable low) was associated with 2.96 more depressive symptoms (95% CI 2.35-3.57) compared to consistently high self-esteem (stable high). Sustained or worsening childhood behavioral problems and low self-esteem were precursors of adolescent depressive symptoms, and as such could be an early indicator of the need for intervention. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 65 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 11 | 17% |
Student > Master | 10 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 9% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 6% |
Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 21 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 18 | 28% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 11% |
Social Sciences | 5 | 8% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 3% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Unknown | 28 | 43% |