Title |
Prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms and factors affecting urolithiasis
|
---|---|
Published in |
Geriatric Nephrology and Urology, March 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11255-018-1849-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Aslam Khan |
Abstract |
The formation of urinary stone, urolithiasis, is one the oldest known disease affecting human throughout different civilizations and times. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of urolithiasis is not yet clear, as these calculi are of various types and too complex for simple understanding. A single theory cannot explain its formation; therefore, different theories are presented in various times for its explanation like free particle, fixed particle, Randall's plaque theory. In addition, various factors and components are identified that play an important role in the formation of these urinary calculi. In this review, composition of kidney stones, its prevalence/incidence, explanation of pathophysiological mechanisms and role of various factors; urinary pH, uric acid, parathyroid hormone, citrate, oxalate, calcium and macromolecules; osteopontin, matrix Gla protein, kidney injury molecules, urinary prothrombin fragment-1, Tamm-Horsfall protein, inter-α-inhibitors, have been discussed in detail. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 3 | 33% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 11% |
Mexico | 1 | 11% |
United States | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 3 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 67% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 22% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 109 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 12% |
Other | 10 | 9% |
Researcher | 10 | 9% |
Student > Master | 10 | 9% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 7% |
Other | 18 | 17% |
Unknown | 40 | 37% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 37 | 34% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 8 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 5% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 3% |
Other | 5 | 5% |
Unknown | 47 | 43% |