| Title |
A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor/outdoor comparisons
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, April 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-018-1882-9 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Evangelos I. Tolis, Giorgos Panaras, John G. Bartzis |
| Abstract |
Air quality and comfort parameters in a naturally ventilated aquatic centre were studied in relation to the outdoor pollution levels. Simultaneous measurements of PM 2.5, as well as of volatile organic compounds, were carried out for the indoor and outdoor environment of the aquatic centre. The chemical analysis of ionic species and trace elements associated with particulate matter was also performed. In addition, automated analyzer for NO2 and O3 was used in order to record the indoor and outdoor levels of these pollutants. Analysis of diurnal variation of the pollutants' concentration was applied to the collected data, allowing the identification of potential variation on the sources affecting the indoor air quality. PM 2.5 concentration was almost two times higher indoors than outdoors with average values of 13.96 and 6.78 μg/m3, respectively. Concerning the ion fraction of PM 2.5, SO42- and Ca2+ were the ions with higher concentration indoors with values of 1.06 and 0.93 μg/m3, respectively, while the percentage of Cl- to the PM 2.5 fraction of the indoor atmosphere (9%) was too high than outdoor ones (1%). These results showed that indoor air of swimming pool concerning PM 2.5 and ionic species is mainly affected by the chlorination process along with the comfort conditions (high relative humidity) created during the operation of the facility. The common volatile organic compound concentrations at indoor air are generally in higher levels, compared to the outdoor air with p,m-xylene and toluene to be the substances with the higher concentration for indoor and outdoor area, respectively (7.80 and 1.57 μg/m3); nevertheless, values were rather low compared with the findings of other studies. Also, they clearly demonstrate a diurnal variation as a result of poor ventilation during night. As it was expected, chloroform showed the highest concentration compared to the other volatile organic compounds with values ranging from 3.35 to 135.89 μg/m3, with an average of 54.50 μg/m3. Concerning the NO2 concentration, indoor levels showed an increased pattern when the swimming pool was fully occupied, a fact that reveals a possible correlation. As an overall conclusion, the natural ventilation and the disinfection process seem to play a key role to the air quality of the indoor air of the aquatic centre. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Ireland | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 38 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 38 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 8 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 16% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 11% |
| Lecturer | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 14 | 37% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 9 | 24% |
| Chemistry | 4 | 11% |
| Engineering | 3 | 8% |
| Linguistics | 1 | 3% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 5 | 13% |
| Unknown | 15 | 39% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 December 2021.
All research outputs
#7,406,676
of 23,911,072 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Science and Pollution Research
#1,553
of 9,883 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#124,697
of 332,287 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Science and Pollution Research
#37
of 219 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,911,072 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 68th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 9,883 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.7. This one has done well, scoring higher than 83% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 219 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its contemporaries.