Title |
Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia
|
---|---|
Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, April 2018
|
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1715688115 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Constanza de la Fuente, María C Ávila-Arcos, Jacqueline Galimany, Meredith L Carpenter, Julian R Homburger, Alejandro Blanco, Paloma Contreras, Diana Cruz Dávalos, Omar Reyes, Manuel San Roman, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Paula F Campos, Celeste Eng, Scott Huntsman, Esteban G Burchard, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Carlos D Bustamante, Eske Willerslev, Elena Llop, Ricardo A Verdugo, Mauricio Moraga |
Abstract |
Patagonia was the last region of the Americas reached by humans who entered the continent from Siberia ∼15,000-20,000 y ago. Despite recent genomic approaches to reconstruct the continental evolutionary history, regional characterization of ancient and modern genomes remains understudied. Exploring the genomic diversity within Patagonia is not just a valuable strategy to gain a better understanding of the history and diversification of human populations in the southernmost tip of the Americas, but it would also improve the representation of Native American diversity in global databases of human variation. Here, we present genome data from four modern populations from Central Southern Chile and Patagonia (n = 61) and four ancient maritime individuals from Patagonia (∼1,000 y old). Both the modern and ancient individuals studied in this work have a greater genetic affinity with other modern Native Americans than to any non-American population, showing within South America a clear structure between major geographical regions. Native Patagonian Kawéskar and Yámana showed the highest genetic affinity with the ancient individuals, indicating genetic continuity in the region during the past 1,000 y before present, together with an important agreement between the ethnic affiliation and historical distribution of both groups. Lastly, the ancient maritime individuals were genetically equidistant to a ∼200-y-old terrestrial hunter-gatherer from Tierra del Fuego, which supports a model with an initial separation of a common ancestral group to both maritime populations from a terrestrial population, with a later diversification of the maritime groups. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 11 | 33% |
Mexico | 3 | 9% |
Germany | 2 | 6% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 6% |
Norway | 1 | 3% |
Spain | 1 | 3% |
Denmark | 1 | 3% |
Chile | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 11 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 16 | 48% |
Members of the public | 15 | 45% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 95 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 26 | 27% |
Researcher | 13 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 13% |
Student > Master | 8 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 5% |
Other | 7 | 7% |
Unknown | 24 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 24 | 25% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 21 | 22% |
Social Sciences | 12 | 13% |
Arts and Humanities | 3 | 3% |
Environmental Science | 2 | 2% |
Other | 6 | 6% |
Unknown | 27 | 28% |