| Title |
Preferences for Pink and Blue: The Development of Color Preferences as a Distinct Gender-Typed Behavior in Toddlers
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Archives of Sexual Behavior, February 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10508-015-0489-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Wang I. Wong, Melissa Hines |
| Abstract |
Many gender differences are thought to result from interactions between inborn factors and sociocognitive processes that occur after birth. There is controversy, however, over the causes of gender-typed preferences for the colors pink and blue, with some viewing these preferences as arising solely from sociocognitive processes of gender development. We evaluated preferences for gender-typed colors, and compared them to gender-typed toy and activity preferences in 126 toddlers on two occasions separated by 6-8 months (at Time 1, M = 29 months; range 20-40). Color preferences were assessed using color cards and neutral toys in gender-typed colors. Gender-typed toy and activity preferences were assessed using a parent-report questionnaire, the Preschool Activities Inventory. Color preferences were also assessed for the toddlers' parents using color cards. A gender difference in color preferences was present between 2 and 3 years of age and strengthened near the third birthday, at which time it was large (d > 1). In contrast to their parents, toddlers' gender-typed color preferences were stronger and unstable. Gender-typed color preferences also appeared to establish later and were less stable than gender-typed toy and activity preferences. Gender-typed color preferences were largely uncorrelated with gender-typed toy and activity preferences. These results suggest that the factors influencing gender-typed color preferences and gender-typed toy and activity preferences differ in some respects. Our findings suggest that sociocognitive influences and play with gender-typed toys that happen to be made in gender-typed colors contribute to toddlers' gender-typed color preferences. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 22 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 5 | 23% |
| United States | 4 | 18% |
| Indonesia | 1 | 5% |
| Czechia | 1 | 5% |
| France | 1 | 5% |
| Moldova, Republic of | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 9 | 41% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 18 | 82% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 9% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
| Scientists | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 106 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 105 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 32 | 30% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 13 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 8% |
| Other | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 15 | 14% |
| Unknown | 19 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 39 | 37% |
| Social Sciences | 14 | 13% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 5 | 5% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 5% |
| Arts and Humanities | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 13 | 12% |
| Unknown | 25 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 30. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 05 May 2023.
All research outputs
#1,279,501
of 25,245,273 outputs
Outputs from Archives of Sexual Behavior
#654
of 3,718 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#18,165
of 371,540 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Archives of Sexual Behavior
#13
of 54 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,245,273 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 94th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,718 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 32.8. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 371,540 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 54 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 77% of its contemporaries.