Title |
Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the Prototypic Cyclotide Reveals a Cluster of Residues Essential for Bioactivity*
|
---|---|
Published in |
Journal of Biological Chemistry, February 2008
|
DOI | 10.1074/jbc.m709303200 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Shane M. Simonsen, Lillian Sando, K. Johan Rosengren, Conan K. Wang, Michelle L. Colgrave, Norelle L. Daly, David J. Craik |
Abstract |
The cyclotides are stable plant-derived mini-proteins with a topologically circular peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of three disulfide bonds that form a cyclic cystine knot structural framework. They display a wide range of pharmaceutically important bioactivities, but their natural function is in plant defense as insecticidal agents. To determine the influence of individual residues on structure and activity in the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1, all 23 non-cysteine residues were successively replaced with alanine. The structure was generally tolerant of modification, indicating that the framework is a viable candidate for the stabilization of bioactive peptide epitopes. Remarkably, insecticidal and hemolytic activities were both dependent on a common, well defined cluster of hydrophilic residues on one face of the cyclotide. Interestingly, this cluster is separate from the membrane binding face of the cyclotides. Overall, the mutagenesis data provide an important insight into cyclotide biological activity and suggest that specific self-association, in combination with membrane binding mediates cyclotide bioactivities. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
New Zealand | 1 | 1% |
Russia | 1 | 1% |
Australia | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 88 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 21 | 23% |
Researcher | 17 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 10 | 11% |
Student > Master | 7 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 4% |
Other | 14 | 15% |
Unknown | 18 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 26 | 29% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 21 | 23% |
Chemistry | 18 | 20% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 3% |
Mathematics | 1 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 4% |
Unknown | 18 | 20% |