| Title |
Detection of titanium particles in human liver and spleen and possible health implications
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, April 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12989-018-0251-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
M. B. Heringa, R. J. B. Peters, R. L. A. W. Bleys, M. K. van der Lee, P. C. Tromp, P. C. E. van Kesteren, J. C. H. van Eijkeren, A. K. Undas, A. G. Oomen, H. Bouwmeester |
| Abstract |
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is produced at high volumes and applied in many consumer and food products. Recent toxicokinetic modelling indicated the potential of TiO2 to accumulate in human liver and spleen upon daily oral exposure, which is not routinely investigated in chronic animal studies. A health risk from nanosized TiO2 particle consumption could not be excluded then. Here we show the first quantification of both total titanium (Ti) and TiO2 particles in 15 post-mortem human livers and spleens. These low-level analyses were enabled by the use of fully validated (single particle) inductively coupled plasma high resolution mass spectrometry ((sp)ICP-HRMS) detection methods for total Ti and TiO2 particles. The presence of TiO2 in the particles in tissues was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. These results prove that TiO2 particles are present in human liver and spleen, with ≥24% of nanosize (< 100 nm). The levels are below the doses regarded as safe in animals, but half are above the dose that is deemed safe for liver damage in humans when taking into account several commonly applied uncertainty factors. With these new and unique human data, we remain with the conclusion that health risks due to oral exposure to TiO2 cannot be excluded. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 21 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| France | 6 | 29% |
| United States | 3 | 14% |
| Argentina | 1 | 5% |
| South Africa | 1 | 5% |
| Belgium | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 9 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 19 | 90% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 94 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 94 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 17% |
| Researcher | 14 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 12 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 12 | 13% |
| Other | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 16 | 17% |
| Unknown | 19 | 20% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 12 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 11% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 7% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 7 | 7% |
| Other | 22 | 23% |
| Unknown | 28 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 27. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 April 2023.
All research outputs
#1,466,084
of 25,734,859 outputs
Outputs from Particle and Fibre Toxicology
#47
of 621 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#31,482
of 344,253 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Particle and Fibre Toxicology
#1
of 13 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,734,859 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 94th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 621 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.7. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 344,253 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 90% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 13 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.