| Title |
Smoking quantity determines disease activity and function in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Clinical Rheumatology, March 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10067-018-4016-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hui Zhang, Wei Wan, Jing Liu, Shengming Dai, Yaohong Zou, Qiaoxia Qian, Yue Ding, Xia Xu, Hengdong Ji, Hongjun He, Qi Zhu, Chengde Yang, Shuang Ye, Lindi Jiang, Jianping Tang, Qiang Tong, Dongyi He, Dongbao Zhao, Yuan Li, Yanyun Ma, Jingru Zhou, Zhendong Mei, Xiangxiang Chen, Ziyu Yuan, Juan Zhang, Xiaofeng Wang, Yajun Yang, Li Jin, Ying Gao, Xiaodong Zhou, John D. Reveille, Hejian Zou, Jiucun Wang |
| Abstract |
The objective of this study was to systemically and comprehensively evaluate the associations between smoking and disease outcomes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Information on smoking, clinical features, and sociodemographic characteristics was collected by a questionnaire administered directly to the patient. Group differences were analyzed by t test or chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate as the dependent variables and different stratification of smoking duration, smoking intensity, and cumulative smoking as independent variables. In order to compare our results with previous studies, meta-analysis was performed to calculate standardized mean difference (SMD) for relationship between outcomes and smoking status. A total of 1178 AS patients were analyzed. Compared with non-smokers, the risk of having active disease (BASDAI ≥ 4) was higher in patients who smoked at least 15 years, or 15 cigarettes per day, or 15 pack-years (OR = 1.70 [1.06, 2.73], 1.75 [1.08, 2.82], and 1.97 [1.06, 3.67], respectively); and smokers had increasing risk of BASDAI ≥ 4 with increasing years of smoking, or cigarettes per day, or pack-years (p-trend = 0.010, 0.008 and 0.006, respectively). The risk of having active disease was higher in patients who smoked at least 15 cigarettes per day or 15 pack-years (OR = 1.74 [1.06, 2.84] and 2.89 [1.56, 5.35], respectively), with increasing number of cigarettes per day and pack-years. Smokers had an increased risk of BASFI ≥ 4 (p-trend = 0.040 and 0.007, respectively). By meta-analysis, current, former and ever smokers had significantly higher BASDAI (SMD = 0.34 [0.18, 0.48], 0.10 [0.01, 0.19], and 0.27 [0.20, 0.34], respectively) and BASFI (SMD = 0.35 [0.16, 0.55], 0.30 [0.22, 0.39], and 0.35 [0.21, 0.50], respectively) compared to non-smokers. Smoking is a risk factor for greater disease activity and worse functioning in AS patients. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 35 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 35 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 7 | 20% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 14% |
| Researcher | 3 | 9% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 7 | 20% |
| Unknown | 8 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 34% |
| Social Sciences | 4 | 11% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 9% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Unknown | 9 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 October 2018.
All research outputs
#17,945,904
of 23,043,346 outputs
Outputs from Clinical Rheumatology
#2,265
of 3,043 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#239,789
of 330,047 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Clinical Rheumatology
#39
of 67 outputs
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