Title |
Source-separated urine opens golden opportunities for microbial electrochemical technologies
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Published in |
Trends in Biotechnology, March 2015
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DOI | 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.01.007 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Pablo Ledezma, Philipp Kuntke, Cees J.N. Buisman, Jürg Keller, Stefano Freguia |
Abstract |
The food security of a booming global population demands a continuous and sustainable supply of fertilisers. Their current once-through use [especially of the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)] requires a paradigm shift towards recovery and reuse. In the case of source-separated urine, efficient recovery could supply 20% of current macronutrient usage and remove 50-80% of nutrients present in wastewater. However, suitable technology options are needed to allow nutrients to be separated from urine close to the source. Thus far none of the proposed solutions has been widely implemented due to intrinsic limitations. Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) have proved to be technically and economically viable for N recovery from urine, opening the path for novel decentralised systems focused on nutrient recovery and reuse. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 11% |
Germany | 1 | 11% |
Spain | 1 | 11% |
Netherlands | 1 | 11% |
Australia | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 4 | 44% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 67% |
Scientists | 2 | 22% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Italy | 2 | <1% |
Burkina Faso | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Greece | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 266 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 54 | 20% |
Student > Master | 46 | 17% |
Researcher | 41 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 4% |
Other | 11 | 4% |
Other | 42 | 15% |
Unknown | 67 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 50 | 18% |
Engineering | 50 | 18% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 7% |
Chemical Engineering | 16 | 6% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 3% |
Other | 33 | 12% |
Unknown | 98 | 36% |