Sedative effects of intramuscular alfaxalone administered to cats

Jun TAMURA, Tomohito ISHIZUKA, Sho FUKUI, Norihiko OYAMA, Kodai KAWASE, Takaharu ITAMI, Kenjiro MIYOSHI, Tadashi SANO, Kirby PASLOSKE, Kazuto YAMASHITA

The sedative effects of intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (alfaxalone-HPCD) were evaluated in cats. The cats were treated with alfaxalone-HPCD in five occasions with a minimum 14-day interval between treatments: an IM injection of 1.0 mg/kg (IM1), 2.5 mg/kg (IM2.5), 5 mg/kg (IM5) or 10 mg/kg (IM10), or an intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg (IV5). The sedative effects were evaluated subjectively using a composite measurement scoring system (a maximum score of 16). Cardio-respiratory variables were measured non-invasively. The median sedation scores peaked at 10 min (score 9), 15 min (score 14), 10 min (score 16), 10 to 20 min (score 16) and 2 to 5 min (score 16) after the IM1, IM2.5, IM5, IM10 and IV5 treatment, respectively. The IM5 treatment produced longer lasting sedation, compared to the IV5 treatment. Durations of maintenance of lateral recumbency after the IM10 treatment (115 ± 22 min) were longer than those after the IM2.5 (40 ± 15 min), IM5 (76 ± 21 min) and IV5 treatments (50 ± 5 min). Cardio-respiratory variables remained within clinically acceptable ranges, except for each one cat that showed hypotension (<60 mmHg) after the IM10 and IV5 treatments. Tremors, ataxia and opisthotonus-like posture were observed during the early recovery period after the IM2.5, IM5, IM10 and IV5 treatments. In conclusion, IM alfaxalone-HPCD produced dose-dependent and clinically relevant sedative effect at 2.5 to 10 mg/kg in healthy cats. Hypotension may occur at higher IM doses of alfaxalone-HPCD.