Title |
Extracellular vesicle sorting of α-Synuclein is regulated by sumoylation
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Published in |
Acta Neuropathologica, March 2015
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DOI | 10.1007/s00401-015-1408-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marcel Kunadt, Katrin Eckermann, Anne Stuendl, Jing Gong, Belisa Russo, Katrin Strauss, Surya Rai, Sebastian Kügler, Lisandro Falomir Lockhart, Martin Schwalbe, Petranka Krumova, Luis M. A. Oliveira, Mathias Bähr, Wiebke Möbius, Johannes Levin, Armin Giese, Niels Kruse, Brit Mollenhauer, Ruth Geiss-Friedlander, Albert C. Ludolph, Axel Freischmidt, Marisa S. Feiler, Karin M. Danzer, Markus Zweckstetter, Thomas M. Jovin, Mikael Simons, Jochen H. Weishaupt, Anja Schneider |
Abstract |
Extracellular α-Synuclein has been implicated in interneuronal propagation of disease pathology in Parkinson's Disease. How α-Synuclein is released into the extracellular space is still unclear. Here, we show that α-Synuclein is present in extracellular vesicles in the central nervous system. We find that sorting of α-Synuclein in extracellular vesicles is regulated by sumoylation and that sumoylation acts as a sorting factor for targeting of both, cytosolic and transmembrane proteins, to extracellular vesicles. We provide evidence that the SUMO-dependent sorting utilizes the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) by interaction with phosphoinositols. Ubiquitination of cargo proteins is so far the only known determinant for ESCRT-dependent sorting into the extracellular vesicle pathway. Our study reveals a function of SUMO protein modification as a Ubiquitin-independent ESCRT sorting signal, regulating the extracellular vesicle release of α-Synuclein. We deciphered in detail the molecular mechanism which directs α-Synuclein into extracellular vesicles which is of highest relevance for the understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and progression at the molecular level. We furthermore propose that sumo-dependent sorting constitutes a mechanism with more general implications for cell biology. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 3 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 193 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 41 | 21% |
Researcher | 25 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 11% |
Student > Master | 20 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 13 | 7% |
Other | 28 | 14% |
Unknown | 46 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 47 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 43 | 22% |
Neuroscience | 24 | 12% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 6% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 3% |
Other | 15 | 8% |
Unknown | 48 | 25% |