| Title |
Multianalyte method for the determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, April 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-015-8654-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Marilena E. Dasenaki, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis |
| Abstract |
A fast and sensitive multianalyte/multiclass high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of 89 pharmaceuticals in influent and effluent wastewater samples. The method developed consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced polymer followed by LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in both positive mode and negative mode. The selected pharmaceuticals belong to different classes-analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antiepileptics, β-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs, lipid-regulating agents, statins, and many others. The influence of the mobile phase composition on the sensitivity of the method, and the optimum conditions for SPE in terms of analyte recovery were extensively studied. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Atlantis T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3-μm) column with a gradient elution using methanol-0.01 % v/v formic acid as the mobile phase in positive ionization mode determination and methanol-acetonitrile-1 mM ammonium formate as the mobile phase in negative ionization mode determination. Recoveries for most of the compounds ranged from 50 to 120 %. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviations, was always below 15 %, and the method detection limits ranged from 1.06 ng/L (4-hydroxyomeprazole) to 211 ng/L (metformin). Finally, the method developed was applied to the determination of target analytes in wastewater samples obtained from the Psyttalia wastewater treatment plant, Athens, Greece. Although SPE of pharmaceuticals from wastewater samples and their determination by LC-MS/MS is a well-established technique, the uniqueness of this study lies in the simultaneous determination of a remarkable number of compounds belonging to more than 20 drug classes. Moreover, the LC-MS/MS method has been thoroughly optimized so that maximum sensitivity is achieved for most of the compounds, making the proposed method a valuable tool for pharmaceutical analysis in influent and effluent wastewater at the sub-nanogram per liter level. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 139 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 139 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 27 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 22 | 16% |
| Researcher | 12 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 12 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 7% |
| Other | 21 | 15% |
| Unknown | 35 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 40 | 29% |
| Environmental Science | 23 | 17% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 5% |
| Engineering | 6 | 4% |
| Chemical Engineering | 6 | 4% |
| Other | 15 | 11% |
| Unknown | 42 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 26 June 2015.
All research outputs
#15,740,207
of 25,374,647 outputs
Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#4,753
of 9,619 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#146,976
of 279,975 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#42
of 174 outputs
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We're also able to compare this research output to 174 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 74% of its contemporaries.