| Title |
Trends in prevalence of selected opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
BMC Infectious Diseases, April 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12879-015-0927-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
John Rubaihayo, Nazarius M Tumwesigye, Joseph Konde-Lule |
| Abstract |
After more than a decade of establishing and expanding access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), empirical evidence on its impact on trends of opportunistic infections (OIs) associated with the deadly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource poor settings is scarce. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of HAART coverage on trends of five most common OIs in Uganda. Observational data from January 2002 to December 2013 for 5972 HIV positive individuals attending the AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) HIV/AIDS care programme in Uganda were extracted and analysed. Trends were analysed using autoregressive moving average time series and mixed effects linear regression models adjusting for all available potential confounders. A total of 204,871 monthly medical reports were retrieved and analysed. Majority of the participants were female (73%) with a median age of 32 years (inter-quartile range 26-39). Overall, significant decreasing mean annual prevalence trends were observed for mycobacterium tuberculosis, herpes zoster, genital ulcer and oral candidiasis (p < 0.05, X(2) trend). Non-significant declining mean annual prevalence trend was observed for cryptococcal meningitis (p = 0.181, X(2) trend). The largest impact of HAART was observed in Oral candidiasis and TB whose average annual prevalence reduced by 61% and 43% respectively following the introduction of HAART. Monthly series for TB, Herpes zoster and genital ulcers differed significantly by age and clinic but only genital ulcer series differed significantly by sex (p < 0.05, kruskal wallis). After controlling for the effects of age, sex and clinic (fixed) and monthly clustering (random effect) in a mixed effects linear regression model, all the five OIs showed a significant monthly change in prevalence (p < 0.001). Overall, prevalence of most OIs declined especially after the introduction of HAART. However significant variations exist in the trends of different OIs in different geographical areas in Uganda. It is therefore important that site specific factors are properly identified to enable the development of targeted interventions. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Uganda | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 127 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| South Africa | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 124 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 22 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 17 | 13% |
| Researcher | 15 | 12% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 9 | 7% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 6% |
| Other | 23 | 18% |
| Unknown | 34 | 27% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 50 | 39% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 13 | 10% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 6% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 5% |
| Social Sciences | 5 | 4% |
| Other | 11 | 9% |
| Unknown | 34 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 5. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 11 April 2023.
All research outputs
#6,972,938
of 24,736,359 outputs
Outputs from BMC Infectious Diseases
#2,232
of 8,300 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#77,076
of 270,057 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Infectious Diseases
#15
of 101 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,736,359 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 71st percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 8,300 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 10.6. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 72% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 101 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its contemporaries.