| Title |
Recreational Snow-Sports Injury Risk Factors and Countermeasures: A Meta-Analysis Review and Haddon Matrix Evaluation
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Sports Medicine, May 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40279-015-0334-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Patria A. Hume, Anna V. Lorimer, Peter C. Griffiths, Isaac Carlson, Mike Lamont |
| Abstract |
Snow sports (alpine skiing/snowboarding) would benefit from easily implemented and cost-effective injury prevention countermeasures that are effective in reducing injury rate and severity. For snow sports, to identify risk factors and to quantify evidence for effectiveness of injury prevention countermeasures. Searches of electronic literature databases to February 2014 identified 98 articles focused on snow sports that met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently reviewed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 90 % confidence intervals (CIs) and inferences (percentage likelihood of benefit/harm) were calculated using data from 55 studies using a spreadsheet for combining independent groups with a weighting factor based on quality rating scores for effects. More experienced skiers and snowboarders are more likely to sustain an injury as a result of jumps, while beginners sustain injuries primarily as a result of falls. Key risk factors that countermeasure interventions should focus on include, beginner skiers (OR 2.72; 90 % CI 2.15-3.44, 99 % most likely harmful), beginner snowboarders (OR 2.66; 90 % CI 2.08-3.40, 99 % harmful), skiers/snowboarders who rent snow equipment (OR 2.58; 90 % CI 1.98-3.37, 99 % harmful) and poor visibility due to inclement weather (OR 2.69; 90 % CI 1.43-5.07, 97 % harmful). Effective countermeasures include helmets for skiers/snowboarders to prevent head injuries (OR 0.58; 90 % CI 0.51-0.66, 99 % most likely beneficial), and wrist guards for snowboarders to prevent wrist injuries (OR 0.33; 90 % CI 0.23-0.47, 99 % beneficial). The review identified key risk factors for snow-sport injuries and evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of existing injury prevention countermeasures in recreational (general public use of slopes, not racing) snow sports using a Haddon's matrix conceptual framework for injury causation (host/snow-sport participant, agent/mechanism and environment/community). Best evidence for the effectiveness of injury prevention countermeasures in recreational snow sports was for the use of helmets and wrist guards and to address low visibility issues via weather reports and signage. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 10 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Romania | 1 | 10% |
| Australia | 1 | 10% |
| New Zealand | 1 | 10% |
| Malaysia | 1 | 10% |
| United States | 1 | 10% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 10% |
| Unknown | 4 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 6 | 60% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 20% |
| Scientists | 1 | 10% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 92 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
| Hong Kong | 1 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
| China | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 88 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 13 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 7% |
| Researcher | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 11 | 12% |
| Unknown | 29 | 32% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 16% |
| Sports and Recreations | 13 | 14% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 8% |
| Social Sciences | 5 | 5% |
| Engineering | 4 | 4% |
| Other | 13 | 14% |
| Unknown | 35 | 38% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 66. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 January 2023.
All research outputs
#628,504
of 24,860,845 outputs
Outputs from Sports Medicine
#601
of 2,873 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#7,376
of 269,761 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Sports Medicine
#14
of 24 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,860,845 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 97th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,873 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 55.0. This one has done well, scoring higher than 79% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 269,761 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 24 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 45th percentile – i.e., 45% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.