Title |
Effects of Choir Singing or Listening on Secretory Immunoglobulin A, Cortisol, and Emotional State
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Published in |
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, December 2004
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DOI | 10.1007/s10865-004-0006-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Gunter Kreutz, Stephan Bongard, Sonja Rohrmann, Volker Hodapp, Dorothee Grebe |
Abstract |
The present study investigates the effects of choir music on secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), cortisol, and emotional states in members of a mixed amateur choir. Subjects participated in two conditions during two rehearsals 1 week apart, namely singing versus listening to choral music. Saliva samples and subjective measures of affect were taken both before each session and 60 min later. Repeated measure analyses of variance were conducted for positive and negative affect scores, S-IgA, and cortisol. Results indicate several significant effects. In particular, singing leads to increases in positive affect and S-IgA, while negative affect is reduced. Listening to choral music leads to an increase in negative affect, and decreases in levels of cortisol. These results suggest that choir singing positively influences both emotional affect and immune competence. The observation that subjective and physiological responses differed between listening and singing conditions invites further investigation of task factors. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 6% |
Canada | 1 | 6% |
France | 1 | 6% |
Turkey | 1 | 6% |
Ireland | 1 | 6% |
Germany | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 10 | 63% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 15 | 94% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 4 | 1% |
Norway | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Canada | 2 | <1% |
Brazil | 2 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Other | 4 | 1% |
Unknown | 324 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 58 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 56 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 50 | 15% |
Researcher | 42 | 12% |
Student > Postgraduate | 22 | 6% |
Other | 66 | 19% |
Unknown | 50 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 105 | 31% |
Arts and Humanities | 50 | 15% |
Social Sciences | 33 | 10% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 29 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 4% |
Other | 53 | 15% |
Unknown | 61 | 18% |