Title |
Pharmacomicrobiomics: a novel route towards personalized medicine?
|
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Published in |
Protein & Cell, April 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/s13238-018-0547-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marwah Doestzada, Arnau Vich Vila, Alexandra Zhernakova, Debby P Y Koonen, Rinse K Weersma, Daan J Touw, Folkert Kuipers, Cisca Wijmenga, Jingyuan Fu |
Abstract |
Inter-individual heterogeneity in drug response is a serious problem that affects the patient's wellbeing and poses enormous clinical and financial burdens on a societal level. Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefront of research into the impact of individual genetic background on drug response variability or drug toxicity, and recently the gut microbiome, which has also been called the second genome, has been recognized as an important player in this respect. Moreover, the microbiome is a very attractive target for improving drug efficacy and safety due to the opportunities to manipulate its composition. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interplay of microbiome variation and drugs response and disposition (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion). In this review, we provide a historical overview and examine current state-of-the-art knowledge on the complex interactions between gut microbiome, host and drugs. We argue that combining pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics will provide an important foundation for making major advances in personalized medicine. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Netherlands | 3 | 9% |
Italy | 3 | 9% |
India | 2 | 6% |
United States | 2 | 6% |
Ireland | 1 | 3% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 3% |
France | 1 | 3% |
China | 1 | 3% |
Sweden | 1 | 3% |
Other | 4 | 11% |
Unknown | 16 | 46% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 21 | 60% |
Scientists | 10 | 29% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 254 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 51 | 20% |
Researcher | 33 | 13% |
Student > Master | 33 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 27 | 11% |
Other | 15 | 6% |
Other | 34 | 13% |
Unknown | 61 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 60 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 31 | 12% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 26 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 21 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 9 | 4% |
Other | 31 | 12% |
Unknown | 76 | 30% |