| Title |
The relation of low levels of bone mineral density with coronary artery calcium and mortality
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Osteoporosis International, April 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00198-018-4524-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
N. Ahmadi, S. S. Mao, F. Hajsadeghi, B. Arnold, S. Kiramijyan, Y. Gao, F. Flores, S. Azen, M. Budoff |
| Abstract |
Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are two prevalent major healthcare concerns that frequently coexist. The clinical outcome of 5590 consecutive subjects who underwent coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning and thoracic bone mineral density (BMD) measurement was assessed. A significant link between low BMD levels and CAC with increased risk of mortality in both genders across ethnicities noted. While a relation of CAC with lower levels of BMD reported previously; it is unclear whether low levels of BMD would be an independent risk factor for CAC and mortality. This study investigated the relation of BMD levels with CAC and mortality in both genders across ethnicities. This study consisted of 5590 consecutive at-risk subjects without known coronary artery disease (CAD), age 57 ± 12, and 69% male, who underwent non-enhanced cardiac computed tomography, and were followed for mean of 8 years. The subjects' CAC (Agatston score) and thoracic BMD levels (mg/cm3) were measured. CAC stratified based on the severity to CAC 0, 1-100, 101-400, and 400+. Low-BMD levels defined as BMD levels below median (180 mg/cm3). Physician verified that all-cause mortality was assessment hard-endpoint. Multivariate regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, and other cardiovascular risk factors, was used to assess the relationship between BMD and CAC. The BMD levels were proportionally lowering with the severity of CAC in both genders, especially in postmenopausal women (p < 0.05). The risk of each standard deviation reduce in BMD levels increased with the severity of CAC, as compared to CAC = 0 across ethnicities (p < 0.05). Low BMD levels were an independent predictor of mortality and event-free survival rate decreased from 99% in those within normal BMD levels to 93% in those with low BMD levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a significant link between low BMD levels and CAC > 0 with increased risk of mortality was noted (p = 0.0001). The relative risk of death was 2.8, 5.9, and 14.3-folds higher in CAC 1-100, 101-400, and 400+ with low BMD levels, compared to CAC = 0 and within normal BMD levels, respectively (p < 0.05). The lower BMD levels are independently associated with the severity of CAC that predicts mortality. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 9 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 2 | 22% |
| Mexico | 1 | 11% |
| Argentina | 1 | 11% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 11% |
| Spain | 1 | 11% |
| United States | 1 | 11% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 11% |
| Unknown | 1 | 11% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 5 | 56% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 22% |
| Scientists | 2 | 22% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 23 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 23 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 13% |
| Other | 2 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 1 | 4% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 2 | 9% |
| Unknown | 10 | 43% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 35% |
| Sports and Recreations | 2 | 9% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
| Mathematics | 1 | 4% |
| Computer Science | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 10 | 43% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 5. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 22 May 2018.
All research outputs
#7,123,400
of 25,732,188 outputs
Outputs from Osteoporosis International
#1,207
of 3,876 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#114,029
of 340,540 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Osteoporosis International
#18
of 76 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,732,188 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 72nd percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,876 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.2. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 68% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 340,540 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 66% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 76 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 76% of its contemporaries.