Title |
Acute Effects of a Spinach Extract Rich in Thylakoids on Satiety: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
|
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Published in |
Journal of the American Nutrition Association, June 2015
|
DOI | 10.1080/07315724.2014.1003999 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Candida J. Rebello, Jessica Chu, Robbie Beyl, Dan Edwall, Charlotte Erlanson-Albertsson, Frank L. Greenway |
Abstract |
By retarding fat digestion, thylakoids, the internal photosynthetic membrane system of green plants, promote the release of satiety hormones. This study examined the effect of consuming a single dose of concentrated extract of thylakoids from spinach on satiety, food intake, lipids, and glucose compared to a placebo. Sixty overweight and obese individuals enrolled in a double-blind randomized crossover study consumed the spinach extract or placebo in random order at least a week apart. Blood was drawn for assessments of lipids and glucose before a standard breakfast meal, followed 4 hours later by a 5 g dose of the extract and a standard lunch. Visual analog scales were administered before lunch and at intervals until an ad libitum pizza dinner served 4 hours later. Two hours after lunch a second blood draw was conducted. Mixed models were used to analyze response changes. Compared to placebo, consuming the spinach extract reduced hunger (p < 0.01) and longing for food over 2 hours (p < 0.01) and increased postprandial plasma glucose concentrations (p < 0.01). There were no differences in plasma lipids and energy intake at dinner, but males showed a trend toward decreased energy intake (p = 0.08). At this dose, the spinach extract containing thylakoids increases satiety over a 2-hour period compared to a placebo. Thylakoid consumption may influence gender-specific food cravings. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 31 | 25% |
India | 7 | 6% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 3% |
Canada | 4 | 3% |
Mexico | 4 | 3% |
Philippines | 3 | 2% |
Ireland | 2 | 2% |
Pakistan | 2 | 2% |
Finland | 2 | 2% |
Other | 14 | 11% |
Unknown | 51 | 41% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 93 | 75% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 22 | 18% |
Scientists | 7 | 6% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 84 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 14 | 17% |
Student > Master | 12 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 6 | 7% |
Other | 12 | 14% |
Unknown | 20 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 23% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 11% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 8 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 7% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 6% |
Other | 10 | 12% |
Unknown | 27 | 32% |