| Title |
Anabolic, doping, and lifestyle drugs, and selected metabolites in wastewater—detection, quantification, and behaviour monitored by high-resolution MS and MSn before and after sewage treatment
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, July 2010
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-010-3958-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Horst Fr. Schröder, Wilhelm Gebhardt, Mario Thevis |
| Abstract |
Municipal wastewater has been examined for steroids, beta(2)-agonists, stimulants, diuretics, and phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors (PDE type V inhibitors), which are "dual-use-drugs" applied either as anabolic, doping, and lifestyle drugs or for treatment of diverse diseases. To identify their origin, fitness centre discharges under suspicion of being point sources and sewage-treatment plant feed and effluents were sampled and concentrations determined. Sensitive and selective methods for determination and quantification based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-(HR)MS and HPLC-MS-MS) were developed and established for analysis of these compounds in wastewater and to assess their effect on the environment. The methods developed enabled quantification at trace concentrations (limit of quantification (LOQ): 5 ng L(-1)). Of the steroids and stimulants under investigation, testosterone, methyltestosterone, and boldenone or ephedrine, amphetamine, and MDMA (3,4-methylendioxy-N-methylamphetamine) were observed at up to 5 microg L(-1) (ephedrine). Of the beta(2)-agonists salbutamol only, and of the diuretics furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide were confirmed in the extracts. Quite high concentrations of the PDE type V inhibitors sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil and their metabolites were confirmed in fitness centre discharges (sildenafil: 1,945 ng L(-1)) whereas their concentrations in municipal wastewater did not exceed 35 ng L(-1). This study identified anabolic and doping drugs in wastewater for the first time. Results obtained from wastewater treatment plant effluents proved that these "dual-use-drugs", with the exception of hydrochlorothiazide, were mostly eliminated. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 73 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Poland | 2 | 3% |
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 70 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 18 | 25% |
| Researcher | 10 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 7 | 10% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 5% |
| Student > Bachelor | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 11 | 15% |
| Unknown | 20 | 27% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 19 | 26% |
| Environmental Science | 6 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 5% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 5% |
| Engineering | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 11 | 15% |
| Unknown | 26 | 36% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 10. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 05 November 2017.
All research outputs
#3,810,106
of 25,611,630 outputs
Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#459
of 9,682 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#14,716
of 105,192 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#7
of 59 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,611,630 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 85th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 9,682 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 59 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its contemporaries.