Title |
IL-10-independent regulatory B-cell subsets and mechanisms of action
|
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Published in |
International Immunology, May 2015
|
DOI | 10.1093/intimm/dxv033 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Avijit Ray, Luman Wang, Bonnie N Dittel |
Abstract |
Although classically B cells are known to play important roles in immune protection via humoral immunity, recently their regulatory mechanisms have been best appreciated in the context of autoimmunity. Several studies have identified different subsets of regulatory B cells that vary not only in their phenotype, but also in their mechanism of action. Although the best-studied mechanism of B cell immune regulation is IL-10 production, other IL-10-independent mechanisms have been proposed. These include maintenance of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Treg); production of TGF-β, IL-35, IgM or adenosine; or expression of PD-L1 (programmed death 1) or FasL (Fas ligand). Given that B cell-targeted therapy is being increasingly used in the clinic, a complete understanding of the mechanisms whereby B cells regulate inflammation associated with specific diseases is required for designing safe and effective immunotherapies targeting B cells. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 125 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 23 | 18% |
Student > Master | 22 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 13% |
Other | 7 | 5% |
Other | 22 | 17% |
Unknown | 19 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Immunology and Microbiology | 29 | 23% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 26 | 20% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 19 | 15% |
Unspecified | 4 | 3% |
Other | 8 | 6% |
Unknown | 22 | 17% |