Title |
Female Autism Phenotypes Investigated at Different Levels of Language and Developmental Abilities
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Published in |
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, June 2015
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DOI | 10.1007/s10803-015-2501-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yamini J. Howe, Julia A. O’Rourke, Yvette Yatchmink, Emma W. Viscidi, Richard N. Jones, Eric M. Morrow |
Abstract |
This study investigated the differences in clinical symptoms between females and males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across three verbal ability groups (nonverbal, phrase and fluent speech), based on which Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule module was administered to 5723 individuals in four research datasets. In the Simons Simplex Collection and Autism Treatment Network, females with ASD and phrase or fluent speech had lower cognitive, adaptive, and social abilities than males. In the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange and the Autism Consortium, females with phrase or fluent speech had similar or better adaptive and social abilities than males. Females who were nonverbal had similar cognitive, adaptive, and social abilities as males. Population-based longitudinal studies of verbally fluent females with ASD are needed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | 25% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Canada | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Scientists | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 189 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 30 | 16% |
Researcher | 27 | 14% |
Student > Master | 23 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 21 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 11% |
Other | 31 | 16% |
Unknown | 39 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 71 | 37% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 10% |
Social Sciences | 17 | 9% |
Neuroscience | 12 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 5% |
Other | 16 | 8% |
Unknown | 48 | 25% |