| Title |
In vitro metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid AM1220 by human liver microsomes and Cunninghamella elegans using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Forensic Toxicology, May 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11419-018-0424-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Shimpei Watanabe, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Shanlin Fu |
| Abstract |
Identifying intake of synthetic cannabinoids generally requires the metabolism data of the drugs so that appropriate metabolite markers can be targeted in urine testing. However, the continuous appearance of new cannabinoids during the last decade has made it difficult to keep up with all the compounds including {1-[(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone (AM1220). In this study, metabolism of AM1220 was investigated with human liver microsomes and the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Metabolic stability of AM1220 was analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode after 1 µM incubation in human liver microsomes for 30 min. Tentative structure elucidation of metabolites was performed on both human liver microsome and fungal incubation samples using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Half-life of AM1220 was estimated to be 3.7 min, indicating a high clearance drug. Nine metabolites were detected after incubating human liver microsomes while seven were found after incubating Cunninghamella elegans, leading to 11 metabolites in total (five metabolites were common to both systems). Demethylation, dihydrodiol formation, combination of the two, hydroxylation and dihydroxylation were the observed biotransformations. Three most abundant metabolites in both human liver microsomes and Cunninghamella elegans were desmethyl, dihydrodiol and hydroxy metabolites, despite different isomers of dihydrodiol and hydroxy metabolites in each model. These abundant metabolites can potentially be useful markers in urinalysis for AM1220 intake. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 18 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 18 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 22% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 6% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 6% |
| Student > Master | 1 | 6% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 1 | 6% |
| Other | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 9 | 50% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 3 | 17% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 11% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 6% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 11 | 61% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 11 July 2018.
All research outputs
#14,868,688
of 23,070,218 outputs
Outputs from Forensic Toxicology
#191
of 386 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#196,828
of 330,346 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Forensic Toxicology
#10
of 18 outputs
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