Title |
Cryptococcal Meningitis: Diagnosis and Management Update
|
---|---|
Published in |
Current Tropical Medicine Reports, April 2015
|
DOI | 10.1007/s40475-015-0046-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mahsa Abassi, David R. Boulware, Joshua Rhein |
Abstract |
Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis are promising and have been improving long-term survival. Point of care testing has made diagnosing cryptococcal meningitis rapid, practical, and affordable. Targeted screening and treatment programs for cryptococcal antigenemia are a cost effective method for reducing early mortality on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Optimal initial management with amphotericin and flucytosine improves survival against alternative therapies, although amphotericin is difficult to administer and flucytosine is not available in middle or low income countries, where cryptococcal meningitis is most prevalent. Controlling increased intracranial pressure with serial therapeutic lumbar punctures has a proven survival benefit. Delaying ART initiation for 4 weeks after the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis is associated with improved survival. Fortunately, new approaches have been leading the way toward improving care for cryptococcal meningitis patients. New trials utilizing different combinations of antifungal therapy are reviewed, and we summarize the efficacy of different regimens. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | 33% |
United States | 2 | 22% |
Ecuador | 1 | 11% |
Denmark | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 2 | 22% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 5 | 56% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 33% |
Scientists | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Tanzania, United Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 303 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 48 | 16% |
Student > Master | 39 | 13% |
Student > Postgraduate | 28 | 9% |
Researcher | 22 | 7% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 7% |
Other | 64 | 21% |
Unknown | 82 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 107 | 35% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 21 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 17 | 6% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 15 | 5% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 14 | 5% |
Other | 39 | 13% |
Unknown | 92 | 30% |