Title |
The vertical lobe of cephalopods: an attractive brain structure for understanding the evolution of advanced learning and memory systems
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Published in |
Journal of Comparative Physiology A, June 2015
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DOI | 10.1007/s00359-015-1023-6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
T. Shomrat, A. L. Turchetti-Maia, N. Stern-Mentch, J. A. Basil, B. Hochner |
Abstract |
In this review we show that the cephalopod vertical lobe (VL) provides a good system for assessing the level of evolutionary convergence of the function and organization of neuronal circuitry for mediating learning and memory in animals with complex behavior. The pioneering work of JZ Young described the morphological convergence of the VL with the mammalian hippocampus, cerebellum and the insect mushroom body. Studies in octopus and cuttlefish VL networks suggest evolutionary convergence into a universal organization of connectivity as a divergence-convergence ('fan-out fan-in') network with activity-dependent long-term plasticity mechanisms. Yet, these studies also show that the properties of the neurons, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and maintenance are highly variable among different species. This suggests that complex networks may have evolved independently multiple times and that even though memory and learning networks share similar organization and cellular processes, there are many molecular ways of constructing them. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 148 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 36 | 24% |
Student > Master | 24 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 23 | 15% |
Researcher | 13 | 9% |
Professor | 7 | 5% |
Other | 14 | 9% |
Unknown | 32 | 21% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 41 | 28% |
Neuroscience | 28 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 22 | 15% |
Environmental Science | 5 | 3% |
Psychology | 5 | 3% |
Other | 13 | 9% |
Unknown | 35 | 23% |