| Title |
Analysis of hydraulic fracturing additives by LC/Q-TOF-MS
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, June 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-015-8780-5 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Imma Ferrer, E. Michael Thurman |
| Abstract |
The chemical additives used in fracturing fluids can be used as tracers of water contamination caused by hydraulic fracturing operations. For this purpose, a complete chemical characterization is necessary using advanced analytical techniques. Liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify chemical additives present in flowback and produced waters. Accurate mass measurements of main ions and fragments were used to characterize the major components of fracking fluids. Sodium adducts turned out to be the main molecular adduct ions detected for some additives due to oxygen-rich structures. Among the classes of chemical components analyzed by mass spectrometry include gels (guar gum), biocides (glutaraldehyde and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), and surfactants (cocamidopropyl dimethylamines, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaines, and cocamidopropyl derivatives). The capabilities of accurate mass and MS-MS fragmentation are explored for the unequivocal identification of these compounds. A special emphasis is given to the mass spectrometry elucidation approaches used to identify a major class of hydraulic fracturing compounds, surfactants. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 85 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 83 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 26% |
| Researcher | 11 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 11 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 8% |
| Other | 11 | 13% |
| Unknown | 14 | 16% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 20 | 24% |
| Engineering | 14 | 16% |
| Chemistry | 10 | 12% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 6 | 7% |
| Chemical Engineering | 6 | 7% |
| Other | 11 | 13% |
| Unknown | 18 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
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#22,759,452
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Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#7,542
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#239,663
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Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#81
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