Title |
The panniculus carnosus muscle: an evolutionary enigma at the intersection of distinct research fields
|
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Published in |
Journal of Anatomy, June 2018
|
DOI | 10.1111/joa.12840 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Neia Naldaiz‐Gastesi, Ola A. Bahri, Adolfo López de Munain, Karl J. A. McCullagh, Ander Izeta |
Abstract |
The panniculus carnosus is a thin striated muscular layer intimately attached to the skin and fascia of most mammals, where it provides skin twitching and contraction functions. In humans, the panniculus carnosus is conserved at sparse anatomical locations with high interindividual variability, and it is considered of no functional significance (most possibly being a remnant of evolution). Diverse research fields (such as anatomy, dermatology, myology, neuroscience, surgery, veterinary science) use this unique muscle as a model, but several unknowns and misconceptions remain in the literature. In this article, we review what is currently known about panniculus carnosus structure, development, anatomical location, response to environmental stimuli and potential function(s), with the aim of putting together the evidence arising from the different research communities and raising interest in this unique muscle, which we postulate as an ideal model for both vascular and muscular research. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Australia | 1 | 25% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 50% |
Scientists | 2 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 88 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 16% |
Researcher | 13 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 9% |
Student > Master | 8 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 5% |
Other | 13 | 15% |
Unknown | 28 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 16% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 13% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 7 | 8% |
Computer Science | 2 | 2% |
Other | 8 | 9% |
Unknown | 33 | 38% |