| Title |
New Highly Active Antiretroviral drugs and generic drugs for the treatment of HIV infection: a budget impact analysis on the Italian National Health Service (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy)
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
BMC Infectious Diseases, August 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12879-015-1077-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Umberto Restelli, Francesca Scolari, Paolo Bonfanti, Davide Croce, Giuliano Rizzardini |
| Abstract |
In the healthcare sector, it is crucial to identify sustainable strategies in order to allow the introduction and use of innovative technologies. Now, and over the next few years, the expiry of patents for different antiretroviral drugs offers an opportunity to increase the efficiency of resources allocation. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact, on the budget of the Italian National Healthcare Service, of generic antiretroviral drugs and of new antiretroviral drugs entering the market from 2015 to 2019. A budget impact model was developed in order to forecast the rate of use of ARTs, based on trends observed within the Lombardy Region (Italy), on clinical experts' opinion, and the consequent impact on the Italian NHS budget in a five year time horizon. Different scenarios were developed, considering the sole introduction of generic drugs, of new drugs, and their cumulative effects. A multivariate sensitivity analysis was also performed. The cumulative use of generic drugs and new drugs would lead to annual savings of 4.6 million € (-0.6 %) in 2015; 16.9 million € (-2.1 %) in 2016; 19.4 million € (-2.4 %) in 2017; 51.1 million € (-6.1 %) in 2018 and -110.3 million € (-12.8 %) in 2019. The impact of new drugs in percentage terms is +2.0 % in 2015, +3.4 % in 2016, +3.9 % in 2017, +5.7 % in 2018 and +7.7 % in 2019. The impact of generic drugs would lead to savings of 4.9 million € in 2015, 18.6 million € in 2016, 22.8 million € in 2017, 76.5 million € in 2018 and 187.4 million € in 2019. The sensitivity analysis showed annual mean savings for the Italian NHS ranging from 12.6 million €, -1.5 % compared to the base case scenario (decreasing all the rates of transition used in the simulation, and increasing the cost of generic drugs) to 76.0 million €, -9.1 % (increasing all the rates of transition used in the simulation, and decreasing the cost of generic and new drugs). The use of antiretroviral generic drugs may lead to savings that would compensate the expenditure increase due to new, innovative drugs available on the market. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 8 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 2 | 25% |
| United States | 2 | 25% |
| Unknown | 4 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 8 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 49 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 49 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 12 | 24% |
| Other | 6 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 10% |
| Professor | 4 | 8% |
| Other | 4 | 8% |
| Unknown | 12 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 18% |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 5 | 10% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 4 | 8% |
| Social Sciences | 3 | 6% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 6% |
| Other | 13 | 27% |
| Unknown | 12 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 14. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 08 November 2019.
All research outputs
#2,136,451
of 22,821,814 outputs
Outputs from BMC Infectious Diseases
#600
of 7,676 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#29,488
of 264,425 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Infectious Diseases
#24
of 145 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,821,814 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 90th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 7,676 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.6. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 264,425 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 145 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 83% of its contemporaries.