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In vitro methods to assess drug precipitation in the fasted small intestine – a PEARRL review

Overview of attention for article published in Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, June 2018
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  • In the top 25% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric
  • Good Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age (72nd percentile)
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age and source (85th percentile)

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Title
In vitro methods to assess drug precipitation in the fasted small intestine – a PEARRL review
Published in
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, June 2018
DOI 10.1111/jphp.12951
Pubmed ID
Authors

Patrick J O'Dwyer, Chara Litou, Karl J Box, Jennifer B Dressman, Edmund S Kostewicz, Martin Kuentz, Christos Reppas

Abstract

Drug precipitation in vivo poses a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. During the drug development process, the impact of drug supersaturation or precipitation on the in vivo behaviour of drug products is evaluated with in vitro techniques. This review focuses on the small and full scale in vitro methods to assess drug precipitation in the fasted small intestine. Many methods have been developed in an attempt to evaluate drug precipitation in the fasted state, with varying degrees of complexity and scale. In early stages of drug development, when drug quantities are typically limited, small-scale tests facilitate an early evaluation of the potential precipitation risk in vivo and allow rapid screening of prototype formulations. At later stages of formulation development, full-scale methods are necessary to predict the behaviour of formulations at clinically relevant doses. Multicompartment models allow the evaluation of drug precipitation after transfer from stomach to the upper small intestine. Optimisation of available biopharmaceutics tools for evaluating precipitation in the fasted small intestine is crucial for accelerating the development of novel breakthrough medicines and reducing the development costs. Despite the progress from compendial quality control dissolution methods, further work is required to validate the usefulness of proposed setups and to increase their biorelevance, particularly in simulating the absorption of drug along the intestinal lumen. Coupling results from in vitro testing with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling holds significant promise and requires further evaluation.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 106 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 106 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 15 14%
Student > Ph. D. Student 13 12%
Student > Master 11 10%
Student > Bachelor 7 7%
Lecturer 4 4%
Other 18 17%
Unknown 38 36%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 35 33%
Chemistry 6 6%
Medicine and Dentistry 6 6%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4 4%
Engineering 2 2%
Other 9 8%
Unknown 44 42%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 7. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 October 2021.
All research outputs
#5,190,504
of 25,385,509 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
#351
of 3,124 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#92,512
of 342,889 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
#3
of 20 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,385,509 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 79th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,124 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.3. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 342,889 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 72% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 20 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 85% of its contemporaries.