| Title |
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a multi-center case-control study
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, August 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12884-015-0613-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Cheng Li, Wei-Hong Zhao, Qian Zhu, Shu-Jun Cao, Hua Ping, Xiaowei Xi, Guo-Juan Qin, Ming-Xing Yan, Duo Zhang, Jun Qiu, Jian Zhang |
| Abstract |
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy. A better understanding of EP risk can help prevent its occurrence. We carried out a multi-center, large-sample, case-control study to evaluate the risk factors for EP in Shanghai, China. Women who were diagnosed with EP (n = 2411) and women with intrauterine pregnancies (n = 2416) were recruited from five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Information regarding the sociodemographic characteristics; reproductive, gynecological and surgical history; and previous and current use of contraceptives was collected from all participants. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and adjusted for potential confounding factors via multivariate logistic regression analysis. The study revealed that the risk of EP was associated with the traditional risk factors including previous EP (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.72, 95 % CI: 1.83-4.05), previous Chlamydia trachomatis infection (Adjusted OR = 3.18, 95 % CI: 2.64, 3.84), previous infertility (AOR = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.66-2.88), previous adnexal surgery (AOR = 2.09, 95 % CI: 1.49-2.93), previous appendectomy (AOR = 1.64, 95 % CI: 1.13-2.37), and previous use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) (AOR = 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.39-2.13). Additionally, EP risk was increased following the failure of most contraceptives used in the current cycle including IUDs (AOR = 16.43, 95 % CI: 10.42-25.89), oral contraceptive pills (AOR = 3.02, 95 % CI: 1.16-7.86), levonorgestrel emergency contraception (AOR = 4.75, 95 % CI: 3.79-5.96), and female sterilization (AOR = 4 .73, 95 % CI: 1.04-21.52). Stratified analysis showed that in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was the main risk factor for EP in women with tubal infertility (AOR = 8.99, 95 % CI: 1.98-40.84), although IVF-ET showed no association with EP in women with non-tubal infertility (AOR = 2.52, 95 % CI: 0.14-44.67). In addition to the traditional risk factors, IVF-ET and current IUD use play dominant roles in the occurrence of EP. Attention should be given to women with tubal infertility who have undergone IVE-ET treatment. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 4 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chile | 2 | 50% |
| France | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 268 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 267 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 44 | 16% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 35 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 28 | 10% |
| Researcher | 20 | 7% |
| Other | 15 | 6% |
| Other | 38 | 14% |
| Unknown | 88 | 33% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 135 | 50% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 8 | 3% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 2% |
| Neuroscience | 4 | 1% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 1% |
| Other | 13 | 5% |
| Unknown | 99 | 37% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 November 2021.
All research outputs
#7,138,421
of 23,312,088 outputs
Outputs from BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
#1,982
of 4,285 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#82,879
of 267,269 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
#36
of 84 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,312,088 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 68th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,285 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.9. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 52% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 267,269 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 67% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 84 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 55% of its contemporaries.