| Title |
Mass poisoning with NPS: 2C-E and Bromo-DragonFly
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
International Journal of Legal Medicine, June 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00414-018-1882-9 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
S. Iwersen-Bergmann, S. Lehmann, A. Heinemann, C. Schröder, A. Müller, H. Jungen, H. Andresen-Streichert, K. Pueschel, C. Vidal, K. Mercer-Chalmers-Bender |
| Abstract |
Reports of intoxications with new psychoactive substances (NPS) mostly involve young people, as they are the main consumers of these types of drugs. This report centers on a case that was unusual due to it being a mass-poisoning event involving middle-aged individuals who had consumed a combination of the two different new psychoactive drugs 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) and 1-(8-bromofuro[2,3-f][1]benzofuran-4-yl)-2-propanamine (Bromo-DragonFly, BDF). The mass poisoning of 29 individuals (24-56 years old) resulted in their admission to six different hospitals with severe symptoms of intoxication. All symptoms manifested after consumption of an unknown drug formulation around lunchtime during an esoteric weekend seminar. Urine (n = 11) and blood samples (n = 29), collected from the 29 individuals for police investigation, were analyzed with immunochemical techniques, GC/MS and LC-MS/MS. 2C-E was confirmed in seven urine samples, but not in blood. BDF was confirmed in all urine samples, and in 17 blood samples. The blood samples exhibited BDF concentrations between ca. 0.6 and ca. 2.0 μg/L, while urine concentrations of BDF ranged from ca. 1.6 to 35 μg/L. The concentration of 2C-E in urine was found to be between ca. 1.5 and 183 μg/L. All patients made a complete recovery, although some had required mechanical ventilation. The investigation and the presentation of this case illustrates not only mass intoxication with 2C-E and BDF, with corresponding blood and urine concentrations, but also the necessity of collecting urine samples in cases where NPS-consumption is suspected, in order to improve the chances of analytical detection. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 19 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 11% |
| Netherlands | 2 | 11% |
| Germany | 1 | 5% |
| Comoros | 1 | 5% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 12 | 63% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 15 | 79% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 11% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 23 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 23 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 6 | 26% |
| Other | 3 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 9% |
| Lecturer | 1 | 4% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 5 | 22% |
| Unknown | 5 | 22% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 5 | 22% |
| Chemistry | 3 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 13% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 2 | 9% |
| Unknown | 8 | 35% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 35. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 July 2018.
All research outputs
#1,148,547
of 25,446,666 outputs
Outputs from International Journal of Legal Medicine
#38
of 2,302 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#24,523
of 343,248 outputs
Outputs of similar age from International Journal of Legal Medicine
#2
of 56 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,446,666 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 95th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,302 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.6. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 56 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its contemporaries.