| Title |
Identification of microplastics by FTIR and Raman microscopy: a novel silicon filter substrate opens the important spectral range below 1300 cm−1 for FTIR transmission measurements
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, June 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-015-8850-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Andrea Käppler, Frank Windrich, Martin G. J. Löder, Mikhail Malanin, Dieter Fischer, Matthias Labrenz, Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn, Brigitte Voit |
| Abstract |
The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is a topical problem and leads to the need of appropriate and reliable analytical methods to distinctly identify and to quantify these particles in environmental samples. As an example transmission, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging can be used to analyze samples directly on filters without any visual presorting, when the environmental sample was afore extracted, purified, and filtered. However, this analytical approach is strongly restricted by the limited IR transparency of conventional filter materials. Within this study, we describe a novel silicon (Si) filter substrate produced by photolithographic microstructuring, which guarantees sufficient transparency for the broad mid-infrared region of 4000-600 cm(-1). This filter type features holes with a diameter of 10 μm and exhibits adequate mechanical stability. Furthermore, it will be shown that our Si filter substrate allows a distinct identification of the most common microplastics, polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP), in the characteristic fingerprint region (1400-600 cm(-1)). Moreover, using the Si filter substrate, a differentiation of microparticles of polyesters having quite similar chemical structure, like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), is now possible, which facilitates a visualization of their distribution within a microplastic sample by FTIR imaging. Finally, this Si filter can also be used as substrate for Raman microscopy-a second complementary spectroscopic technique-to identify microplastic samples. Graphical Abstract Optical and FTIR images of a microplastic model sample of PET and PBT on the novel Si filter substrate. The distribution of this quite similar polymers within a microplastic sample is visible by choosing a band region of 1060-1033 cm(-1) for PET and of 955-925 cm(-1) for PBT. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 558 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 2 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 554 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 85 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 84 | 15% |
| Researcher | 75 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 75 | 13% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 25 | 4% |
| Other | 71 | 13% |
| Unknown | 143 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 114 | 20% |
| Chemistry | 70 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 58 | 10% |
| Engineering | 34 | 6% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 17 | 3% |
| Other | 83 | 15% |
| Unknown | 182 | 33% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 29. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 January 2024.
All research outputs
#1,354,974
of 25,394,764 outputs
Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#58
of 9,624 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#16,460
of 277,944 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#3
of 178 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,394,764 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 94th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 9,624 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 277,944 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 178 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its contemporaries.