Title |
The T-win® technology: immune-modulating vaccines
|
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Published in |
Seminars in Immunopathology, July 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00281-018-0695-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mads Hald Andersen |
Abstract |
The T-win® technology is an innovative investigational approach designed to activate the body's endogenous anti-regulatory T cells (anti-Tregs) to target regulatory as well as malignant cells. Anti-Tregs are naturally occurring T cells that can directly react against regulatory immune cells because they recognize proteins that these targets express, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), tryptophan 2,6-dioxygenase, arginase, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The T-win® technology is characterized by therapeutic vaccination with long peptide epitopes derived from these antigens and therefore offers a novel way to target genetically stable cells with regular human leukocyte antigen expression in the tumor microenvironment. The T-win® technology thus also represents a novel way to attract pro-inflammatory cells to the tumor microenvironment where they can directly affect immune inhibitory pathways, potentially altering tolerance to tumor antigens. The modification of an immune regulatory environment into a pro-inflammatory milieu potentiates effective anti-tumor T cell responses. Many regulatory immune cells may be reverted into effector cells given the right stimulus. Because T-win® technology is based on the immune-modulatory function of the vaccines, the vaccines activate both CD4 and CD8 anti-Tregs. Of importance, in clinical trials, vaccinations against IDO or PD-L1 to potentiate anti-Tregs have so far proved to be safe, with minimal toxicity. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 52 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 10 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 17% |
Student > Master | 7 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 10% |
Other | 4 | 8% |
Other | 4 | 8% |
Unknown | 13 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 21% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 9 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 13% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 6% |
Other | 5 | 10% |
Unknown | 14 | 27% |