Title |
The role of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in antibody diversification, immunodeficiency, and B-cell malignancies
|
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Published in |
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, October 2004
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.07.049 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Zhonghui Luo, Diana Ronai, Matthew D. Scharff |
Abstract |
Before exposure to antigen, antibodies with a wide diversity of antigen-binding sites are created by V(D)J rearrangement. After exposure to antigen, further diversification is accomplished by means of somatic hypermutation of the antibody variable region genes and class-switch recombination between the heavy-chain mu constant region and the downstream gamma, epsilon, and alpha constant region. The variable region mutations are responsible for the affinity maturation of the antibody response, whereas class-switch recombination enables the antibodies to be distributed throughout the body and to carry out different effector functions. Both somatic mutation and class switching require an enzyme called activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) that converts deoxycytidines to deoxyuracils on single-stranded DNA. Genetic defects of AID in human subjects result in hyper-IgM syndrome type 2. The analysis of both mutant mice and immunodeficient patients has led to a better understanding of the mechanism of action and role of AID in immunity, as well as in the malignant transformation of B cells. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Colombia | 1 | 2% |
Ireland | 1 | 2% |
Canada | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 55 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 22% |
Researcher | 11 | 19% |
Student > Master | 8 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 10% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Other | 7 | 12% |
Unknown | 9 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
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Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 10% |
Chemistry | 1 | 2% |
Other | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 10 | 17% |