| Title |
BMAA extraction of cyanobacteria samples: which method to choose?
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, August 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-015-5266-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Sandra Lage, Alfred Burian, Ulla Rasmussen, Pedro Reis Costa, Heléne Annadotter, Anna Godhe, Sara Rydberg |
| Abstract |
β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxin reportedly produced by cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates, is proposed to be linked to the development of neurological diseases. BMAA has been found in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, both in its phytoplankton producers and in several invertebrate and vertebrate organisms that bioaccumulate it. LC-MS/MS is the most frequently used analytical technique in BMAA research due to its high selectivity, though consensus is lacking as to the best extraction method to apply. This study accordingly surveys the efficiency of three extraction methods regularly used in BMAA research to extract BMAA from cyanobacteria samples. The results obtained provide insights into possible reasons for the BMAA concentration discrepancies in previous publications. In addition and according to the method validation guidelines for analysing cyanotoxins, the TCA protein precipitation method, followed by AQC derivatization and LC-MS/MS analysis, is now validated for extracting protein-bound (after protein hydrolysis) and free BMAA from cyanobacteria matrix. BMAA biological variability was also tested through the extraction of diatom and cyanobacteria species, revealing a high variance in BMAA levels (0.0080-2.5797 μg g(-1) DW). |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 80 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Australia | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 78 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 15 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 18% |
| Researcher | 12 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 9% |
| Other | 11 | 14% |
| Unknown | 12 | 15% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 24 | 30% |
| Chemistry | 11 | 14% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 14% |
| Environmental Science | 6 | 8% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 8 | 10% |
| Unknown | 17 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 17 October 2016.
All research outputs
#15,687,152
of 23,911,072 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Science and Pollution Research
#3,425
of 9,883 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#151,685
of 270,923 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Science and Pollution Research
#56
of 173 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 9,883 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.7. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 62% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 173 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 67% of its contemporaries.