Title |
Coronary Calcium Score and Cardiovascular Risk
|
---|---|
Published in |
JACC, July 2018
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.027 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Philip Greenland, Michael J. Blaha, Matthew J. Budoff, Raimund Erbel, Karol E. Watson |
Abstract |
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a highly specific feature of coronary atherosclerosis. On the basis of single-center and multicenter clinical and population-based studies with short-term and long-term outcomes data (up to 15-year follow-up), CAC scoring has emerged as a widely available, consistent, and reproducible means of assessing risk for major cardiovascular outcomes, especially useful in asymptomatic people for planning primary prevention interventions such as statins and aspirin. CAC testing in asymptomatic populations is cost effective across a broad range of baseline risk. This review summarizes evidence concerning CAC, including its pathobiology, modalities for detection, predictive role, use in prediction scoring algorithms, CAC progression, evidence that CAC changes the clinical approach to the patient and patient behavior, novel applications of CAC, future directions in scoring CAC scans, and new CAC guidelines. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 64 | 22% |
Spain | 28 | 10% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 17 | 6% |
United Kingdom | 10 | 3% |
Brazil | 8 | 3% |
Canada | 8 | 3% |
Mexico | 7 | 2% |
Argentina | 6 | 2% |
Colombia | 6 | 2% |
Other | 42 | 15% |
Unknown | 93 | 32% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 193 | 67% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 44 | 15% |
Scientists | 38 | 13% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 14 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 579 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 62 | 11% |
Researcher | 60 | 10% |
Student > Master | 57 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 52 | 9% |
Other | 45 | 8% |
Other | 118 | 20% |
Unknown | 186 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 252 | 43% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 17 | 3% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 16 | 3% |
Engineering | 15 | 3% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 2% |
Other | 52 | 9% |
Unknown | 214 | 37% |