Title |
Cumulative Chemical Exposures During Pregnancy and Early Development
|
---|---|
Published in |
Current Environmental Health Reports, September 2015
|
DOI | 10.1007/s40572-015-0064-x |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Susanna D. Mitro, Tyiesha Johnson, Ami R. Zota |
Abstract |
Industrial and consumer product chemicals are widely used, leading to ubiquitous human exposure to the most common classes. Because these chemicals may affect developmental milestones, exposures in pregnant women and developing fetuses are of particular interest. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of chemical exposures in pregnant women, the chemical class-specific relationships between maternal and fetal exposures, and the major sources of exposures for six chemical classes of concern: phthalates, phenols, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCs). Additionally, we describe the current efforts to characterize cumulative exposures to synthetic chemicals during pregnancy. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and discussing possible applications of the findings to reduce the prevalence of cumulative exposures during pregnancy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 22% |
Germany | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 6 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 8 | 89% |
Scientists | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 150 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 21 | 14% |
Researcher | 20 | 13% |
Student > Master | 20 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 11% |
Other | 9 | 6% |
Other | 17 | 11% |
Unknown | 48 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 27 | 18% |
Environmental Science | 15 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 12 | 8% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 5% |
Other | 26 | 17% |
Unknown | 53 | 35% |