Title |
Current Methods and Challenges for Epidemiological Studies of the Associations Between Chemical Constituents of Particulate Matter and Health
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Published in |
Current Environmental Health Reports, September 2015
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DOI | 10.1007/s40572-015-0071-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jenna R. Krall, Howard H. Chang, Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat, Roger D. Peng, Lance A. Waller |
Abstract |
Epidemiological studies have been critical for estimating associations between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution and adverse health outcomes. Because total PM mass is a temporally and spatially varying mixture of constituents with different physical and chemical properties, recent epidemiological studies have focused on PM constituents. Most studies have estimated associations between PM constituents and health using the same statistical methods as in studies of PM mass. However, these approaches may not be sufficient to address challenges specific to studies of PM constituents, namely assigning exposure, disentangling health effects, and handling measurement error. We reviewed large, population-based epidemiological studies of PM constituents and health and describe the statistical methods typically applied to address these challenges. Development of statistical methods that simultaneously address multiple challenges, for example, both disentangling health effects and handling measurement error, could improve estimation of associations between PM constituents and adverse health outcomes. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 1% |
France | 1 | 1% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 64 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 15 | 22% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 21% |
Student > Master | 6 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 6% |
Other | 11 | 16% |
Unknown | 13 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 16 | 24% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 10% |
Engineering | 6 | 9% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 6% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 6% |
Other | 16 | 24% |
Unknown | 14 | 21% |