| Title |
Altering crystal growth and annealing in ice-templated scaffolds
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Materials Science, August 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10853-015-9343-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
K. M. Pawelec, A. Husmann, S. M. Best, R. E. Cameron |
| Abstract |
The potential applications of ice-templating porous materials are constantly expanding, especially as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Ice-templating, a process utilizing ice nucleation and growth within an aqueous solution, consists of a cooling stage (before ice nucleation) and a freezing stage (during ice formation). While heat release during cooling can change scaffold isotropy, the freezing stage, where ice crystals grow and anneal, determines the final size of scaffold features. To investigate the path of heat flow within collagen slurries during solidification, a series of ice-templating molds were designed with varying the contact area with the heat sink, in the form of the freeze drier shelf. Contact with the heat sink was found to be critical in determining the efficiency of the release of latent heat within the perspex molds. Isotropic collagen scaffolds were produced with pores which ranged from 90 μm up to 180 μm as the contact area decreased. In addition, low-temperature ice annealing was observed within the structures. After 20 h at -30 °C, conditions which mimic storage prior to lyophilization, scaffold architecture was observed to coarsen significantly. In future, ice-templating molds should consider not only heat conduction during the cooling phase of solidification, but the effects of heat flow during ice growth and annealing. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| France | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 65 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
| France | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 63 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 13 | 20% |
| Student > Master | 12 | 18% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 8% |
| Other | 5 | 8% |
| Unknown | 13 | 20% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Materials Science | 21 | 32% |
| Engineering | 11 | 17% |
| Chemistry | 8 | 12% |
| Chemical Engineering | 3 | 5% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 3% |
| Unknown | 18 | 28% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 September 2015.
All research outputs
#18,427,608
of 22,829,083 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Materials Science
#3,948
of 4,612 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#193,066
of 267,539 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Materials Science
#20
of 24 outputs
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