| Title |
Enriched environment and physical activity reduce microglia and influence the fate of NG2 cells in the amygdala of adult mice
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Cell and Tissue Research, June 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00441-011-1200-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Dan Ehninger, Li-Ping Wang, Friederike Klempin, Benedikt Römer, Helmut Kettenmann, Gerd Kempermann |
| Abstract |
Proliferative cells expressing proteoglycan neuron-glia 2 (NG2) are considered to represent parenchymal precursor cells in the adult brain and are thought to differentiate primarily into oligodendrocytes. We have studied cell genesis in the adult amygdala and found that, up to 1 year after the labeling of proliferating cells with bromodeoxyuridine, most proliferating NG2 cells remain NG2 cells, and only a few slowly differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, as assessed by the expression of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. We have detected no signs of neurogenesis but have confirmed the expression of "neuronal" markers such as Doublecortin in NG2 cells. Nestin-expressing NG2 cells in the amygdala show electrophysiological properties known for oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the corpus callosum. Application of the glutamate agonist kainate elicits a "complex" response consisting of a rapid and long-lasting blockade of the resting K(+) conductance, a transient cationic current, and a transient increase of an outwardly directed K(+) conductance, suggesting the responsiveness of NG2 cells to excitation. Proliferation of NG2 cells increases in response to behavioral stimuli of activity, voluntary wheel running, and environmental enrichment. In addition to reducing the number of newborn microglia, behavioral activity results in a decrease in S100β-expressing newborn NG2 cells in the amygdala. Because S100β expression in NG2 cells ceases with oligodendrocyte maturation, this finding suggests that NG2 cells in the amygdala undergo activity-dependent functional alterations, without resulting in a measurable increase in new mature oligodendrocytes over the time period covered by the present study. The adult amygdala thus shows signs of mixed activity-dependent plasticity: reduced numbers of microglia and, presumably, an altered fate of NG2 cells. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 145 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 2 | 1% |
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 142 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 37 | 26% |
| Researcher | 25 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 22 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 11 | 8% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 10 | 7% |
| Other | 26 | 18% |
| Unknown | 14 | 10% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 45 | 31% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 43 | 30% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 18 | 12% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 3% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 1% |
| Other | 11 | 8% |
| Unknown | 22 | 15% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 16 November 2011.
All research outputs
#16,061,913
of 23,839,820 outputs
Outputs from Cell and Tissue Research
#1,468
of 2,279 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#85,671
of 117,010 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Cell and Tissue Research
#9
of 14 outputs
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