| Title |
Opioid Tolerance Development: A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Perspective
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
The AAPS Journal, November 2008
|
| DOI | 10.1208/s12248-008-9056-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Emily O. Dumas, Gary M. Pollack |
| Abstract |
The opioids are commonly used to treat acute and severe pain. Long-term opioid administration eventually reaches a dose ceiling that is attributable to the rapid onset of analgesic tolerance coupled with the slow development of tolerance to the untoward side effects of respiratory depression, nausea and decreased gastrointestinal motility. The need for effective-long term analgesia remains. In order to develop new therapeutics and novel strategies for use of current analgesics, the processes that mediate tolerance must be understood. This review highlights potential pharmacokinetic (changes in metabolite production, metabolizing enzyme expression, and transporter function) and pharmacodynamic (receptor type, location and functionality; alterations in signaling pathways and cross-tolerance) aspects of opioid tolerance development, and presents several pharmacodynamic modeling strategies that have been used to characterize time-dependent attenuation of opioid analgesia. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 12 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | 25% |
| Unknown | 9 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 11 | 92% |
| Scientists | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 366 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 1% |
| Australia | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 360 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 71 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 50 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 48 | 13% |
| Researcher | 35 | 10% |
| Other | 29 | 8% |
| Other | 62 | 17% |
| Unknown | 71 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 99 | 27% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 38 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 37 | 10% |
| Neuroscience | 27 | 7% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 26 | 7% |
| Other | 59 | 16% |
| Unknown | 80 | 22% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 166. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 08 January 2024.
All research outputs
#244,707
of 25,443,857 outputs
Outputs from The AAPS Journal
#5
of 1,465 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#491
of 104,578 outputs
Outputs of similar age from The AAPS Journal
#1
of 8 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,443,857 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,465 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.0. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 8 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than all of them