| Title |
Gluten intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in three large prospective cohort studies of US men and women
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Diabetologia, August 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00125-018-4697-9 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Geng Zong, Benjamin Lebwohl, Frank B. Hu, Laura Sampson, Lauren W. Dougherty, Walter C. Willett, Andrew T. Chan, Qi Sun |
| Abstract |
We investigated the association between gluten intake and long-term type 2 diabetes risk among Americans. We followed women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 71,602, 1984-2012) and NHS II (n = 88,604, 1991-2013) and men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS, n = 41,908, 1986-2012). Gluten intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire every 2-4 years. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes confirmed using a supplementary questionnaire. Gluten intake was strongly correlated with intakes of carbohydrate components, especially refined grains, starch and cereal fibre (Spearman correlation coefficients >0.6). During 4.24 million years of follow-up, 15,947 people were confirmed to have type 2 diabetes. After multivariate adjustment, pooled HRs and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes, from low to high gluten quintiles, were (ptrend < 0.001): 1 (reference); 0.89 (0.85, 0.93); 0.84 (0.80, 0.88); 0.78 (0.74, 0.82) and 0.80 (0.76, 0.84). The association was slightly weakened after further adjusting for cereal fibre, with pooled HRs (95% CIs) of (ptrend < 0.001): 1 (reference); 0.91 (0.87, 0.96); 0.88 (0.83, 0.93); 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) and 0.87 (0.81, 0.93). Dose-response analysis supported a largely linear inverse relationship between gluten intake up to 12 g/day and type 2 diabetes. The association between gluten intake and type 2 diabetes was stronger when intake of added bran was also higher (pinteraction = 0.02). Gluten intake is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk among largely healthy US men and women. Limiting gluten in the diet is associated with lower intake of cereal fibre and possibly other beneficial nutrients that contribute to good health. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 97 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 20 | 21% |
| Spain | 13 | 13% |
| India | 5 | 5% |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 5% |
| Sweden | 2 | 2% |
| Canada | 2 | 2% |
| France | 2 | 2% |
| Australia | 2 | 2% |
| Uruguay | 2 | 2% |
| Other | 12 | 12% |
| Unknown | 32 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 65 | 67% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 22 | 23% |
| Scientists | 8 | 8% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 101 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 101 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 16 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 14 | 14% |
| Researcher | 8 | 8% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 8% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 4% |
| Other | 9 | 9% |
| Unknown | 42 | 42% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 17% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 5% |
| Sports and Recreations | 4 | 4% |
| Other | 12 | 12% |
| Unknown | 45 | 45% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 157. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 21 September 2023.
All research outputs
#266,152
of 25,732,188 outputs
Outputs from Diabetologia
#157
of 5,376 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#5,532
of 342,580 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Diabetologia
#4
of 63 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 5,376 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 24.7. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 63 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 93% of its contemporaries.