| Title |
Differences in elbow extensor muscle characteristics between resistance-trained men and women
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Journal of Applied Physiology, August 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00421-018-3962-4 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Justin J. Merrigan, Jason B. White, Y. Eliot Hu, Jason D. Stone, Jonathan M. Oliver, Margaret T. Jones |
| Abstract |
Muscular strength is suggested to be dependent upon muscle characteristics. Yet, sex-specific relationships of muscle characteristics to strength in the resistance-trained require investigation. Therefore, the purpose was to evaluate sex differences in muscle characteristics and isometric strength in the elbow extensors, as well as their respective associations. Resistance-trained men (n = 15, mean ± SD 22 ± 4 years, 87.5 ± 12.8 kg, 16.9 ± 2.9% body fat) and women (n = 15, mean ± SD 25 ± 5 years, 59.3 ± 7.3 kg, 22.4 ± 4.2% body fat) were tested. B-mode ultrasound images assessed muscle thickness, pennation angle, and echo intensity. Muscle volume and fascicle length were estimated from previously validated equations. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured elbow extensors isometric strength. Independent samples t-tests and Fisher's r-to-z test examined differences between sexes. Sex differences existed in all muscle characteristics (p < 0.05). Men's absolute strength (27.86 ± 3.55 kg) was significantly greater than women (16.15 ± 3.15 kg), but no differences were noted when controlling for muscle volume (men 0.069 ± 0.017, women 0.077 ± 0.022 kg/cm3). Sex differences did not exist in the relationships of muscle characteristics to strength with muscle size having the largest correlations. However, the relationship between echo intensity and body fat was different in men (r = - 0.311) and women (r = 0.541, p = 0.0143). Sex differences in isometric elbow extensor strength are eliminated when expressed relative to muscle volume. Relationships of echo intensity and body fat were different between men and women and may be indicative of greater adipose infiltration in women. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 22 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Turkey | 3 | 14% |
| Sri Lanka | 1 | 5% |
| Israel | 1 | 5% |
| Germany | 1 | 5% |
| Chile | 1 | 5% |
| Brazil | 1 | 5% |
| United States | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 13 | 59% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 19 | 86% |
| Scientists | 3 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 58 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 58 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 5% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 8 | 14% |
| Unknown | 25 | 43% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 11 | 19% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 9% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 9% |
| Neuroscience | 3 | 5% |
| Social Sciences | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 3 | 5% |
| Unknown | 30 | 52% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 20. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 June 2021.
All research outputs
#1,928,693
of 25,880,422 outputs
Outputs from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#621
of 4,413 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#38,456
of 344,285 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#9
of 58 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,880,422 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 92nd percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,413 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.5. This one has done well, scoring higher than 85% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 344,285 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 58 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 84% of its contemporaries.