Title |
Functionalization of stable fluorescent nanodiamonds towards reliable detection of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease
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Published in |
Journal of Nanobiotechnology, August 2018
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DOI | 10.1186/s12951-018-0385-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Francisco Morales-Zavala, Nathalie Casanova-Morales, Raúl B. Gonzalez, América Chandía-Cristi, Lisbell D. Estrada, Ignacio Alvizú, Victor Waselowski, Fanny Guzman, Simón Guerrero, Marisol Oyarzún-Olave, Cristian Rebolledo, Enrique Rodriguez, Julien Armijo, Heman Bhuyan, Mario Favre, Alejandra R. Alvarez, Marcelo J. Kogan, Jerónimo R. Maze |
Abstract |
Stable and non-toxic fluorescent markers are gaining attention in molecular diagnostics as powerful tools for enabling long and reliable biological studies. Such markers should not only have a long half-life under several assay conditions showing no photo bleaching or blinking but also, they must allow for their conjugation or functionalization as a crucial step for numerous applications such as cellular tracking, biomarker detection and drug delivery. We report the functionalization of stable fluorescent markers based on nanodiamonds (NDs) with a bifunctional peptide. This peptide is made of a cell penetrating peptide and a six amino acids long β-sheet breaker peptide that is able to recognize amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates, a biomarker for the Alzheimer disease. Our results indicate that functionalized NDs (fNDs) are not cytotoxic and can be internalized by the cells. The fNDs allow ultrasensitive detection (at picomolar concentrations of NDs) of in vitro amyloid fibrils and amyloid aggregates in AD mice brains. The fluorescence of functionalized NDs is more stable than that of fluorescent markers commonly used to stain Aβ aggregates such as Thioflavin T. These results pave the way for performing ultrasensitive and reliable detection of Aβ aggregates involved in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer disease. |
X Demographics
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South Africa | 4 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 56 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 9 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 16% |
Researcher | 8 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 13% |
Librarian | 3 | 5% |
Other | 7 | 13% |
Unknown | 13 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 14% |
Physics and Astronomy | 8 | 14% |
Engineering | 5 | 9% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 7% |
Chemistry | 4 | 7% |
Other | 12 | 21% |
Unknown | 15 | 27% |