Title |
The emerging NDM carbapenemases
|
---|---|
Published in |
Trends in Microbiology, November 2011
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.tim.2011.09.005 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Patrice Nordmann, Laurent Poirel, Timothy R. Walsh, David M. Livermore |
Abstract |
Carbapenems were the last β-lactams retaining near-universal anti-Gram-negative activity, but carbapenemases are spreading, conferring resistance. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzymes are the latest carbapenemases to be recognized and since 2008 have been reported worldwide, mostly in bacteria from patients epidemiologically linked to the Indian subcontinent, where they occur widely in hospital and community infections, and also in contaminated urban water. The main type is NDM-1, but minor variants occur. NDM enzymes are present largely in Enterobacteriaceae, but also in non-fermenters and Vibrionaceae. Dissemination predominantly involves transfer of the blaNDM-1 gene among promiscuous plasmids and clonal outbreaks. Bacteria with NDM-1 are typically resistant to nearly all antibiotics, and reliable detection and surveillance are crucial. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | <1% |
India | 3 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Australia | 2 | <1% |
Nigeria | 2 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Slovakia | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Other | 4 | <1% |
Unknown | 541 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 102 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 97 | 17% |
Researcher | 69 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 59 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 40 | 7% |
Other | 93 | 17% |
Unknown | 103 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 146 | 26% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 74 | 13% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 71 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 70 | 12% |
Chemistry | 15 | 3% |
Other | 62 | 11% |
Unknown | 125 | 22% |