| Title |
Biomarkers of Physiological Responses to Periods of Intensified, Non-Resistance-Based Exercise Training in Well-Trained Male Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Sports Medicine, August 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40279-018-0969-2 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Grace Greenham, Jonathan D. Buckley, Joel Garrett, Roger Eston, Kevin Norton |
| Abstract |
Intensified training is important for inducing adaptations to improve athletic performance, but detrimental performance effects can occur if prescribed inappropriately. Monitoring biomarker responses to training may inform changes in training load to optimize performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify biomarkers associated with altered exercise performance following intensified training. Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and SPORTDiscus were searched up until September 2017. Included articles were peer reviewed and reported on biomarkers collected at rest in well-trained male athletes before and after periods of intensified training. The full text of 161 articles was reviewed, with 59 included (708 participants) and 42 (550 participants) meta-analysed. In total, 118 biomarkers were evaluated, with most being cellular communication and immunity markers (n = 54). Studies most frequently measured cortisol (n = 34), creatine kinase (n = 25) and testosterone (n = 20). Many studies reported decreased immune cell counts following intensified training, irrespective of performance. Moreover, reduced performance was associated with a decrease in neutrophils (d = - 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 1.07 to - 0.07) and glutamine (d = - 0.37; 95% CI - 0.43 to - 0.31) and an increase in urea concentration (d = 0.80; 95% CI 0.30 to 1.30). In contrast, increased performance was associated with an increased testosterone:cortisol ratio (d = 0.89; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.24). All remaining biomarkers showed no consistent patterns of change with performance. Many biomarkers were altered with intensified training but not in a manner related to changes in exercise performance. Neutrophils, glutamine, urea and the testosterone:cortisol ratio exhibited some evidence of directional changes that corresponded with performance changes therefore indicating potential to track performance. Additional investigations of the potential for these markers to track altered performance are warranted. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 30 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 13% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 13% |
| Australia | 3 | 10% |
| Ireland | 3 | 10% |
| Portugal | 1 | 3% |
| Argentina | 1 | 3% |
| Brazil | 1 | 3% |
| Chile | 1 | 3% |
| Canada | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 7% |
| Unknown | 9 | 30% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 20 | 67% |
| Scientists | 9 | 30% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 169 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 169 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 26 | 15% |
| Researcher | 24 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 23 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 22 | 13% |
| Other | 7 | 4% |
| Other | 25 | 15% |
| Unknown | 42 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 59 | 35% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 16 | 9% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 10 | 6% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 4% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 4% |
| Other | 21 | 12% |
| Unknown | 51 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 16. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 11 October 2019.
All research outputs
#2,303,787
of 25,591,967 outputs
Outputs from Sports Medicine
#1,498
of 2,889 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#45,624
of 343,099 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Sports Medicine
#13
of 28 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,591,967 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 90th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,889 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 57.1. This one is in the 48th percentile – i.e., 48% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 28 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 57% of its contemporaries.