| Title |
Chronic exercise modulates RAS components and improves balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain of SHR
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Basic Research in Cardiology, November 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00395-011-0231-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Deepmala Agarwal, Michael A. Welsch, Jeffrey N. Keller, Joseph Francis |
| Abstract |
Recently, exercise has been recommended as a part of lifestyle modification for all hypertensive patients; however, the precise mechanisms of its effects on hypertension are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms within the brain that can influence exercise-induced effects in an animal model of human essential hypertension. Young normotensive WKY rats and SHR were given moderate-intensity exercise for 16 weeks. Blood pressure was measured bi-weekly by tail-cuff method. Animals were then euthanized; paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), important cardiovascular regulatory centers in the brain, were collected and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, EIA, and fluorescent microscopy. Exercise of 16-week duration attenuated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in SHR. Sedentary SHR exhibited increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels in the PVN and RVLM. Furthermore, SHR(sed) rats exhibited elevated levels of ACE, AT1R, and decreased levels of ACE2 and receptor Mas in the PVN and RVLM. Chronic exercise not only prevented the increase in PICs (TNF-α, IL-1β), ACE, and AT1R protein expression in the brain of SHR, but also dramatically upregulated IL-10, ACE2, and Mas receptor expression in SHR. In addition, these changes were associated with reduced plasma AngII levels, reduced neuronal activity, reduced NADPH-oxidase subunit gp91(phox) and inducible NO synthase in trained SHRs indicating reduced oxidative stress. These results suggest that chronic exercise not only attenuates PICs and the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAS but also improves the anti-inflammatory defense mechanisms and vasoprotective axis of the RAS in the brain, which, at least in part, explains the blood pressure-lowering effects of exercise in hypertension. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 99 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 1 | 1% |
| Brazil | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 97 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 20 | 20% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 15% |
| Researcher | 13 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 8% |
| Other | 18 | 18% |
| Unknown | 16 | 16% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 23 | 23% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 18% |
| Neuroscience | 12 | 12% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 8% |
| Sports and Recreations | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 16 | 16% |
| Unknown | 17 | 17% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 April 2021.
All research outputs
#7,411,203
of 22,659,164 outputs
Outputs from Basic Research in Cardiology
#180
of 643 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#69,526
of 240,140 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Basic Research in Cardiology
#3
of 8 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,659,164 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 643 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.0. This one is in the 39th percentile – i.e., 39% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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