| Title |
Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Canadian Medical Association Journal, November 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1503/cmaj.150535 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Dongfeng Zhang, Xiaoli Shen, Xin Qi |
| Abstract |
Data on resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are inconsistent; the magnitude of associations between resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality varies across studies. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantitatively evaluate the associations in the general population. We searched PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE from inception to Jan. 1, 2015. We used a random-effects model to combine study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic spline functions to assess the dose-response relation. A total of 46 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1 246 203 patients and 78 349 deaths for all-cause mortality, and 848 320 patients and 25 800 deaths for cardiovascular mortality. The relative risk with 10 beats/min increment of resting heart rate was 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.12) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest category, patients with a resting heart rate of 60-80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.17) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) for cardiovascular mortality, and those with a resting heart rate of greater than 80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.45 (95% CI 1.34-1.57) for all-cause mortality and 1.33 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) for cardiovascular mortality. Overall, the results did not differ after adjustment for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Compared with 45 beats/min, the risk of all-cause mortality increased significantly with increasing resting heart rate in a linear relation, but a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed at 90 beats/min. Substantial heterogeneity and publication bias were detected. Higher resting heart rate was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This indicates that resting heart rate is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 247 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 43 | 17% |
| India | 12 | 5% |
| Canada | 10 | 4% |
| United Kingdom | 10 | 4% |
| Spain | 5 | 2% |
| Germany | 4 | 2% |
| Australia | 3 | 1% |
| Singapore | 3 | 1% |
| Finland | 2 | <1% |
| Other | 31 | 13% |
| Unknown | 124 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 192 | 78% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 32 | 13% |
| Scientists | 17 | 7% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 6 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 232 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 232 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 40 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 14% |
| Researcher | 24 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 23 | 10% |
| Other | 16 | 7% |
| Other | 37 | 16% |
| Unknown | 59 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 55 | 24% |
| Sports and Recreations | 17 | 7% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 5% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 12 | 5% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 5% |
| Other | 56 | 24% |
| Unknown | 68 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 342. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 March 2024.
All research outputs
#97,430
of 25,718,113 outputs
Outputs from Canadian Medical Association Journal
#175
of 9,538 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#1,346
of 395,320 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Canadian Medical Association Journal
#1
of 100 outputs
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