Title |
Olfactory Dysfunction in CNS Neuroimmunological Disorders: a Review
|
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Published in |
Molecular Neurobiology, September 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/s12035-018-1341-0 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Taekyun Shin, Jeongtae Kim, Meejung Ahn, Changjong Moon |
Abstract |
Olfactory dysfunction is deeply associated with quality of human life in the aging population. Olfactory dysfunction is an occasional presymptomatic sign of neuroimmunological multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Olfaction is initially processed by olfactory receptor cells that capture odor molecules, and the signals are transmitted to the glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs via olfactory nerves and processed in the primary olfactory cortex in the brain. Damage to either the olfactory receptor cells or the olfactory bulb and primary olfactory cortex may influence olfactory functioning. A close link between neuroimmunological disorders and olfactory dysfunction has been reported in patients and animal models. This review summarizes the literature data concerning olfactory dysfunction in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and systemic lupus erythematosus; animal models thereof; and inflammation in the olfactory bulb. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 49 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 14% |
Researcher | 6 | 12% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 6% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 6% |
Other | 8 | 16% |
Unknown | 18 | 37% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 20% |
Neuroscience | 8 | 16% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 2% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 2% |
Other | 5 | 10% |
Unknown | 22 | 45% |