| Title |
The Glasgow Norms: Ratings of 5,500 words on nine scales
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Behavior Research Methods, September 2018
|
| DOI | 10.3758/s13428-018-1099-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Graham G. Scott, Anne Keitel, Marc Becirspahic, Bo Yao, Sara C. Sereno |
| Abstract |
The Glasgow Norms are a set of normative ratings for 5,553 English words on nine psycholinguistic dimensions: arousal, valence, dominance, concreteness, imageability, familiarity, age of acquisition, semantic size, and gender association. The Glasgow Norms are unique in several respects. First, the corpus itself is relatively large, while simultaneously providing norms across a substantial number of lexical dimensions. Second, for any given subset of words, the same participants provided ratings across all nine dimensions (33 participants/word, on average). Third, two novel dimensions-semantic size and gender association-are included. Finally, the corpus contains a set of 379 ambiguous words that are presented either alone (e.g., toast) or with information that selects an alternative sense (e.g., toast (bread), toast (speech)). The relationships between the dimensions of the Glasgow Norms were initially investigated by assessing their correlations. In addition, a principal component analysis revealed four main factors, accounting for 82% of the variance (Visualization, Emotion, Salience, and Exposure). The validity of the Glasgow Norms was established via comparisons of our ratings to 18 different sets of current psycholinguistic norms. The dimension of size was tested with megastudy data, confirming findings from past studies that have explicitly examined this variable. Alternative senses of ambiguous words (i.e., disambiguated forms), when discordant on a given dimension, seemingly led to appropriately distinct ratings. Informal comparisons between the ratings of ambiguous words and of their alternative senses showed different patterns that likely depended on several factors (the number of senses, their relative strengths, and the rating scales themselves). Overall, the Glasgow Norms provide a valuable resource-in particular, for researchers investigating the role of word recognition in language comprehension. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 15 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 6 | 40% |
| United States | 3 | 20% |
| Estonia | 1 | 7% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 7% |
| Germany | 1 | 7% |
| Unknown | 3 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 10 | 67% |
| Scientists | 4 | 27% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 160 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 160 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 21% |
| Researcher | 18 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 17 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 11 | 7% |
| Other | 9 | 6% |
| Other | 24 | 15% |
| Unknown | 48 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 42 | 26% |
| Linguistics | 17 | 11% |
| Neuroscience | 13 | 8% |
| Arts and Humanities | 6 | 4% |
| Computer Science | 5 | 3% |
| Other | 15 | 9% |
| Unknown | 62 | 39% |
Attention Score in Context
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