| Title |
An introduction to immunology and immunopathology
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, September 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s13223-018-0278-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Jean S. Marshall, Richard Warrington, Wade Watson, Harold L. Kim |
| Abstract |
Beyond structural and chemical barriers to pathogens, the immune system has two fundamental lines of defense: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first immunological mechanism for fighting against an intruding pathogen. It is a rapid immune response, initiated within minutes or hours after aggression, that has no immunologic memory. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific; it has the capacity for memory, which enables the host to mount a more rapid and efficient immune response upon subsequent exposure to the antigen. There is a great deal of synergy between the adaptive immune system and its innate counterpart, and defects in either system can provoke illness or disease, such as inappropriate inflammation, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders and hypersensitivity reactions. This article provides a practical overview of innate and adaptive immunity, and describes how these host defense mechanisms are involved in both heath and illness. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 35 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 11% |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 4 | 11% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 11% |
| Canada | 2 | 6% |
| Mexico | 1 | 3% |
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | 1 | 3% |
| Ireland | 1 | 3% |
| Kuwait | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 17 | 49% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 23 | 66% |
| Scientists | 8 | 23% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 9% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 2,983 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2983 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 417 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 328 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 317 | 11% |
| Researcher | 139 | 5% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 96 | 3% |
| Other | 295 | 10% |
| Unknown | 1391 | 47% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 426 | 14% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 247 | 8% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 231 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 142 | 5% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 131 | 4% |
| Other | 364 | 12% |
| Unknown | 1442 | 48% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 280. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 January 2024.
All research outputs
#129,073
of 26,017,215 outputs
Outputs from Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
#10
of 928 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#2,534
of 350,716 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
#2
of 31 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 26,017,215 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 928 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.3. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 350,716 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 31 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 93% of its contemporaries.